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Giovanni Battista Bugatti (mostly known as Mastro Titta) is one of Rome’s most iconic figures. He was the longest serving executioner for the Papal States, operating between 1796 and 1864.
During his career he carried out 514 executions, all recorded on his personal notepad which still exists today.
Reverend Carter, expecting a visit from the Klan after he has dared to register to vote, stands guard on his front porch, West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.
That night vigilant neighbors scattered in the woods near his farmhouse, which was at the end of a long dirt road, to help him if trouble arrived.
‘If they want a fight, we’ll fight,’
‘If I have to die, I’d rather die for right.’
‘I value my life more since I became a registered voter. A man is not a first-class citizen, a number one citizen, unless he is a voter.’
After Election Day came and went, Reverend Carter added, ‘I thanked the Lord that he let me live long enough to vote.’
Barbary Lions were among the largest lions ever, and were famously used for entertainment/fights in Gladiator Arenas.
The Romans killed thousands of lions in their games, the Arab empire that followed squeezed the remaining animals into smaller territories, and the arrival of European hunters in the 19th century polished them off. Europeans killed so many of these animals that they were quickly exterminated from most of their remaining historic range.
On November 2nd, 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis was winding down. It had been the absolute height of the Cold War; the event that brought the US and USSR closest to nuclear war. The crisis had in large part been mitigated due to the placement of an incredible CIA source within the Soviet GRU; Colonel Oleg Penkovsky. He provided accurate intelligence on missile placement in Cuba. The CIA went to great lengths to protect his identity, including giving the impression that the information was coming from multiple sources, not just one.
Early in the morning on May 30th, 1907, Bertha, believing her husband was planning on leaving her, took a razor and sliced off his penis. While her husband ran to get help, she fled their San Jose home. Police scoured the city, but Boronda eluded them for more than 24 hours.
In 1941 he was a young man ready to start his creative life as an artist when Germany attacked the Soviet Union and he had to join the Army. Four years later, the difference in his face is striking. A thin and tired face, deep wrinkles, a troubled stare, this man was completely changed after witnessing 4 years of a no-rule war in the Eastern Front.
4 years of scattered mostly non-recuperative sleep, regular physical traumas varying in severity, extreme boredom that threatens to explode into chaos at any moment, regular food shortages, any number of contractual illnesses/conditions trading between the ranks, battle fatigue/nervous exhaustion, constant morbid paranoia/existential dread, substantial bereavement, bearing witness to slaughter, participating in slaughter, survivors guilt, an all consuming and extreme hatred of the enemy and some PTSD to go.
Since he was 93 at the time of his marriage, and she was 17, then she went on to live until 101 herself – a full 155 years AFTER the Civil War ended.
In 1936, in the midst of the Great Depression, she married 93-year-old James Bolin (1843–1939), who had served in the 14th Missouri Cavalry. Jackson was 17. She met him when her father volunteered her to help the elderly Bolin with basic chores. With no other means to repay her kindness, Bolin offered to marry Jackson so she would become eligible to receive his pension after he died. Similar marriages had occurred before.
Jackson and Bolin were married outside his home in Niangua, Missouri. Following the marriage, the couple never made their marriage public, fearing damage to Jackson’s reputation. She continued to live with her parents. Following Bolin’s death, three years later, Jackson decided against applying for the $73.13 monthly pension after Bolin’s daughters threatened to ruin her reputation.
Although the term “post-traumatic stress” is a modern way of describing the effects of war on some individuals, the condition was certainly known during and after the Civil War. The failure of a man’s courage in the face of combat or when confronted with having to support a hard-pressed family after the war, was usually attributed to a failure of will or masculinity rather than to a medical condition. But “soldier’s heart,” as some people called it, clearly affected countless soldiers on both sides, who ended up in state asylums for the insane suffering from delusions, insomnia, paranoia, and other symptoms that were just beginning to be understood in the latter part of the nineteenth century.
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In the late 19th century, X-rays set America’s imagination ablaze. Only three years after its discovery by William Roentgen, the mysterious radiation went on display in this free-standing pavilion at the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition of 1898 in Omaha, Nebraska.
Here, X-ray machines let attendees glimpse the interiors of everyday objects as well as their own bodies, blissfully unaware the devices were zapping them with 1,500 times as much radiation as contemporary X-ray machines. Even when their hair fell out, they embraced the rays as an early, and effective, depilatory.
First people thought that chess engines could never beat humans, and then Deep Blue showed them that this is wrong. This changed the way grandmasters thought about computers, and soon enough chess engines became a part of every top-level player’s toolbox. This eventually affected the way tournaments are held as well, because the rules had to be changed so that games have to be completed during one day and they cannot be adjourned, because computer analysis during the break would affect the game too much.
